بسم اللّٰهِ الرحمن الرحيم
Jumada al-Ula is the fifth month of the Hijri calendar. Its name derives from the Arabic word for freezing, as it originally fell in winter when the early Arabs named the months. This month witnessed the births and passings of several notable figures in Islamic history. Muslims are encouraged to maintain regular acts of worship, seek knowledge, and send abundant salutations upon the Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) throughout this month.
Events in Jumada al-Ula(21 events)
Compilation of the Quran (Mushaf of Hadrat Abu Bakr (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
After the Battle of Yamama where many huffaz (Quran memorisers) were martyred, Sayyiduna Umar urged Sayyiduna Hadrat Abu Bakr (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ to compile the Quran into a single written manuscript. The task was entrusted to Zayd ibn Thabit, who had been one of the Prophet ﷺ's scribes. This compilation preserved the Quran in written form exactly as it had been revealed and recited.
Martyrdom of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (al-Tayyar)
The martyrdom of Sayyiduna Hadrat Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ at the Battle of Mu'tah. He was the cousin of the Prophet Muhammad and the brother of Sayyiduna Ali. He held the banner of the Muslim army after the first two commanders fell. His hands were cut off while holding the banner, and he was killed fighting. The Prophet said that Allah replaced his hands with wings in Paradise, hence his title 'al-Tayyar' (the Flyer).
Martyrdom of Hadrat Zayd ibn Harithah (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
The martyrdom of Sayyiduna Hadrat Zayd ibn Harithah (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ at the Battle of Mu'tah as the first commander of the Muslim army. He was the adopted son of the Prophet Muhammad before the abolition of legal adoption, and was beloved by the Prophet. He is the only Companion mentioned by name in the Quran (Surah al-Ahzab 33:37). He was the first of three commanders to fall at Mu'tah.
Passing of Hadrat Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
The passing of Sayyiduna Hadrat Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ, one of the ten Companions promised Paradise. He was the commander who led the Muslims to victory at the Battle of Qadisiyyah against the Persian Empire and was the founder of the city of Kufa. He was the last of the ten Ashara Mubashshara to pass away and was the maternal uncle of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Passing of Raza Ali Khan
Grandfather of Imam Ahmad Raza Khan, Hadrat Mawlana Raza Ali Khan (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ passed away.
Birth of Hadrat Zaynab bint Ali (Radiyallahu Anha) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا
The birth of Sayyidah Hadrat Zaynab bint Ali (Radiyallahu Anha) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا, the granddaughter of the Prophet Muhammad. Named 'Zaynab' (meaning 'ornament of her father') by the Prophet ﷺ himself, she would grow up to become one of the most courageous women in Islamic history, particularly for her role after the tragedy of Karbala where she preserved the truth through her powerful speeches.
Passing of Hadrat Shah Rukn-e-Alam (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
The great saint Hadrat Shah Rukn-e-Alam (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ passed away.
Passing of Hadrat Mawlana Wasi Ahmad (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
Hadith scholar Hadrat Mawlana Wasi Ahmad (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ passed away.
Passing of Hadrat Imam al-Bayhaqi (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
The passing of Imam Hadrat Abu Bakr (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Bayhaqi, one of the most prolific hadith scholars in Islamic history. He authored the monumental Al-Sunan al-Kubra (10 volumes), Shu'ab al-Iman (branches of faith), and Dala'il al-Nubuwwah (proofs of Prophethood). Born in Bayhaq (Khorasan), he was a master of both hadith and Shafi'i jurisprudence.
Passing of Hadrat al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
The passing of Sultan al-Ulama (Sultan of Scholars) Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam, one of the greatest Shafi'i scholars. Known for his fearless defence of Islamic principles against unjust rulers, he issued landmark rulings on the protection of the rights of enslaved people and public welfare. His Qawa'id al-Ahkam (Principles of Rulings) is a foundational text on Islamic legal theory and the objectives of Shariah (maqasid).
Passing of Hadrat Imam al-Sha'rani (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
The passing of Imam Abd al-Wahhab al-Sha'rani, a prominent Egyptian Shafi'i scholar and Sufi master. He authored numerous important works including Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (biographical dictionary of Sufi saints), Al-Mizan al-Kubra (comparing the four schools of fiqh), and Lawaqih al-Anwar. He was known for his encyclopaedic knowledge and his service to the poor of Cairo.
Martyrdom of Hadrat Abdullah ibn Zubayr (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
Hadrat Abdullah ibn Zubayr (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ was martyred.
Passing of Hadrat Hamid Raza Khan (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
Son of Imam Ahmad Raza Khan, Hadrat Hamid Raza Khan (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ passed away.
Passing of Hadrat Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
The passing of Sayyiduna Hadrat Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ in the Plague of Amwas (Jordan). He was one of the ten Companions promised Paradise (al-Ashara al-Mubashshara) and was described by the Prophet as 'the trustworthy one (Amin) of this Ummah.' He served as commander of the Muslim forces in Syria and was known for his humility and simplicity despite his high position.
Passing of Hadrat Imam Suyuti (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
The passing of Imam Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, one of the most prolific scholars in Islamic history, having authored over 500 works. He co-authored Tafsir al-Jalalayn and compiled Al-Jami al-Saghir. Recognised as the Mujaddid (Renewer) of the 9th Islamic century, he spent his later years in seclusion devoted to worship and writing in Cairo.
Conquest of Constantinople
Hadrat Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ (Mehmed II) conquered Constantinople on 20 Jumada al-Awwal 857 AH (29 May 1453 CE), fulfilling the famous prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad: 'You will certainly conquer Constantinople. How excellent will be the commander who conquers it, and how excellent his army!' (Musnad Ahmad). At just 21 years old, he achieved what many Muslim commanders had attempted for nearly 800 years. The city was renamed Istanbul and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Passing of Hadrat Ahmad al-Kabir al-Rifai (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ
The great saint Hadrat Ahmad al-Rifai (Rahimahullah) رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ passed away.
Passing of Hadrat Asma bint Abu Bakr (Radiyallahu Anha) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا
Hadrat Asma bint Abu Bakr (Radiyallahu Anha) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا passed away.
Passing of Abdullah, son of Uthman and Ruqayyah
Grandson of the Prophet ﷺ, Abdullah passed away.
Battle of Ajnadayn
Battle of Ajnadayn in which Muslims achieved victory.
Battle of Mu'ta
Battle of Mu'ta in which leading Companions were martyred.