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رَأْس ٱلسَّنَة ٱلْهِجْرِيَّة

The first day of the Islamic calendar year, marking the Hijrah of the Prophet Hadrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ﷺ from Makkah to Madinah.

ٱلْهِجْرَة ٱلنَّبَوِيَّة

The Prophet migrated from Makkah to Madinah, establishing the first Islamic state. This event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

The second Caliph of Islam, Hadrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ, was martyred.

وَقْعَة ٱلْحَرَّة

The Battle of Harrah was a tragic event in which the Umayyad army attacked the blessed city of Madinah. The sanctity of the city of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was violated and many Companions and their descendants were killed. This event is widely condemned by scholars of Islam.

مِيلَاد ٱلْإِمَام ٱلنَّوَوِي

The birth of Imam Muhy al-Din Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi in the village of Nawa near Damascus. Despite living only 45 years, he would become one of the most prolific and beloved scholars in Islamic history, authoring Riyad al-Salihin, the Forty Hadith, the commentary on Sahih Muslim, and Al-Adhkar — works that remain essential texts in Islamic education worldwide.

حِصَار شِعْب أَبِي طَالِب

The Quraysh imposed a complete social and economic boycott on the Banu Hashim clan, confining the Prophet Hadrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ﷺ, his family, and supporters to the Shi'b (valley) of Abu Talib. The boycott lasted approximately three years and included a ban on trade, marriage, and social interaction. The Muslims endured severe hunger and hardship during this period until the pact was miraculously destroyed.

صَحِيفَة ٱلْمَدِينَة

Shortly after arriving in Madinah, the Prophet Hadrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ﷺ established the Charter (Sahifah) of Madinah — considered the first written constitution in history. It defined the rights and duties of all citizens (Muslim and non-Muslim) of the newly formed Islamic state, establishing principles of mutual defence, justice, and religious freedom for all communities.

ٱلْمُؤَاخَاة بَيْن ٱلْمُهَاجِرِين وَٱلْأَنْصَار

Upon arriving in Madinah, the Prophet Hadrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ﷺ established a unique bond of brotherhood (Mu'akhat) between the Muhajireen (migrants from Makkah) and the Ansar (helpers of Madinah). Each Ansari was paired with a Muhajir and they shared their wealth, homes, and resources. This was a remarkable social system that turned strangers into brothers and built the foundation of the first Islamic community.

عَام ٱلْوُفُود

The ninth year of Hijrah is known as the Year of Delegations, when tribes from across the Arabian Peninsula sent delegations to Madinah to accept Islam and pledge allegiance to the Prophet Hadrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ﷺ. This marked the near-complete acceptance of Islam across Arabia without military conquest, fulfilling the Quranic promise: 'When the victory of Allah comes and the conquest, and you see the people entering the religion of Allah in multitudes' (Surah al-Nasr 110:1-2).

مِيلَاد عُمَر ٱبْن ٱلْخَطَّاب

The birth of Sayyiduna Hadrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ, who would become the second Caliph of Islam and one of the greatest rulers in history. Known as 'al-Faruq' (the one who distinguishes truth from falsehood), his conversion to Islam strengthened the early Muslim community immensely. The Prophet said: 'If there were to be a Prophet after me, it would be Hadrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ.'

بِدَايَة خِلَافَة عُثْمَان ٱبْن عَفَّان

Sayyiduna Hadrat Uthman ibn Affan (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ became the third Caliph of Islam after being chosen by the consultation committee (shura) established by Sayyiduna Umar. His caliphate of twelve years is notable for the standardisation of the Quran into a single authoritative text, the expansion of the Muslim navy, and the continued territorial growth of the Islamic state into North Africa and Central Asia.

مَشْرُوعِيَّة ٱلْأَذَان

After the Hijrah to Madinah, the Muslims needed a method to call people to prayer. Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Zayd saw the words of the Adhan in a dream, and when he reported it, the Prophet Hadrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ﷺ confirmed it and instructed Sayyiduna Bilal — blessed with a beautiful, powerful voice — to call the Adhan. Bilal became the first Mu'adhdhin (caller to prayer) in Islam.